Social Psychology
mahere azizi shemami; omid shokri; hossein poorshahriar keleshteri; Masoud Sharifi
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the collaborative interpersonal conflicts resolution skills training program on social goal setting, conflict resolution style and adjustment among girls of middle school.Method: In this Quesi-experimental research with pretest-posttest ...
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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the collaborative interpersonal conflicts resolution skills training program on social goal setting, conflict resolution style and adjustment among girls of middle school.Method: In this Quesi-experimental research with pretest-posttest nonequivalent-group design and follow up stage, 50 female students 17-year-old at Roudbar of Quilan governmental middle schools, in the experimental group and control group, before and after the training, responded to the Social Achievement Goals (Ryan and Shim, 2008), the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Instrument (Thomas-Kilmann, 1974) and Adjustment inventory for School Students (Sinha & Singh, 1993). The experimental group received 7 collaborative interpersonal conflicts resolution skills training sessions (1 hour a session).Results: The results of multivariate covariance analysis, in the short term and long term, indicated that interpersonal skills training program was effective in increasing social development goal, adaptive conflict resolution styles and different dimentions of adjustment. The results also showed that it was effective in decreasing non-adaptive social goal settings (including social demonstration-approach goal and social demonstration-avoid goal) and non-adaptive conflict resolution styles (including forcing, avoiding and accommodation).Conclusion: Generally, the results show that following steps are recommended for collaborative conflict management such as find appropriate time and place to discuss the conflict, understand the other’s views with a non-judgmental attitude and be sensitive to each other’s needs and perceptions, develop goals which are basically compatible and work towards a win-win outcome.
Mohammad erfan Memarian; Jalil Fathabadi; Omid Shokri
Volume 9, Issue 36 , March 2020, , Pages 21-38
Abstract
Past studies indicate that prosocial behavior enhances mood. Most of these studies have only investigated mood enhancement in the specific situation that has triggered empathy; while prosocial behavior does not necessarily take place in the same situation. The goal of this study is to investigate the ...
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Past studies indicate that prosocial behavior enhances mood. Most of these studies have only investigated mood enhancement in the specific situation that has triggered empathy; while prosocial behavior does not necessarily take place in the same situation. The goal of this study is to investigate the enhancement effect of prosocial behavior on mood between empathy-triggering situation and an unrelated situation. 60 students studying in universities of Tehran participated in this experiment. After inducing empathy & primary mood measurement, the first group conducted a situationally relevant prosocial behavior, the second group conducted a situationally irrelevant prosocial behavior, & the third group participated in a control task. Afterward, the mood of participants was measured again. After controlling for pre-test scores, prosocial behavior did not have a significant effect on negative affect (P = 0/47); but had a significant effect on positive affect (P = 0/011). Pairwise comparisons revealed that situationally irrelevant prosocial behavior enhanced positive affect more than the control task (P=0/009). Lower estimation of prosocial behavior’s success, uncertainty about improvement of the receiver’s situation, and dual perspective taking may contribute to stability of negative affect. The lack of significant difference between related prosocial behavior and control groups, and the difference between unrelated prosocial behavior and control group, can be understood by predictions of how unsuccessful prosocial behaviors are to be. This suggests that mood enhancement due to prosocial behavior is more about success of prosocial behavior rather than improving welfare of empathy subjects.
Reza Chamani; Fatemeh Bagherian; omid shokri
Volume 8, Issue 32 , April 2019, , Pages 1-16
Abstract
Introduction: Studies in the context of social impact on decision-making and cognitive biases are very limited and rare, especially in our academic research. The group effect, the peer effect, and awareness of the choice of others on the Internet are rarely considered. Purpose: Is awareness of the previous ...
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Introduction: Studies in the context of social impact on decision-making and cognitive biases are very limited and rare, especially in our academic research. The group effect, the peer effect, and awareness of the choice of others on the Internet are rarely considered. Purpose: Is awareness of the previous group majority of individuals making the will change the participants' responses? Can such changes relate to the decision-making of others? Method: the research population was all student of universities of Tehran, and the sample was 180 student with convenience sampling. The social effect deduced from the changes in decisions before and after subjects' awareness of the most popular choices of previous participants. Although the subjects can maintain their choices. The non-normal distribution of data made us use non-parametric tests like Chi-Square, Wilcoxon, and Mann Whitney. Results: The effect of the decision-making was significant (more in favor of irrational economic decision-making). People faced to conformity booster problems change four problems on average, and in conformity reducer problems changed 3 answers on average (significantly 7 out of 31 problems). Participants just by observing a sign changed their overall 23 percent of all questions in line with the related kind of conformity (p <0.05). Women showed more intense tendency to conform, and "risk aversion" and "ambiguity" in general were more prone to it (p <0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, social conformity was effective in changing cognitive biases and heuristics in economic decision-making, especially when increases those biases.